All of above seem like a good solution but remember I am in California. I would love to clamp on but is this allowed when passing emissions?
I can’t say for certain if clamp-on cats are acceptable or not, but I’ve never had a smog shop look under the car or put it up on a lift to inspect. They basically just start the car, place the probe in the exhaust pipe and run the test.
Try Googling “are clamp-on catalytic converters legal in CA” and see for sure. Good peace of mind
on edit: I just Googled it and clamp-ons are NOT legal in CA. But again, I’ve never seen any smog place look, so you could roll in with clamp-ons for a smog check and if they notice play dumb, just roll back out, go get them welded in, get rechecked and call it done! I’m sure there’s a ton of weld shops near smog shops in the Chula Vista area that are on a walk-in basis ;-)